When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). Usually, the verb is ergative, sometimes not. The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, strengthen, in which case the verb means roughly, "to give (noun) to", or "to become like (noun)".
Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb.
Used to denote the plural form of a small number of English nouns, the majority of whose etymologies go back to the n-stem (i.e. weak noun) declension of Germanic languages.
Denotes a quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb.
When attached to certain nouns that are the names of a material, it forms an adjective whose meaning is, made of (noun). This is a formative pattern with many obsolescent remnants. Fowler (1926) pointed out the tendency for the -en forms to be restricted to metaphorical and secondary senses. Changes in the form of the root noun, and the dropping of the "e" in the suffix occur. There are also orphan formations whose root has been lost to the current language.
Used to form the plural of nouns.
Suffix meaning "pertaining to", "having the qualities of", "resembling", "like".
Used to form the diminutives of certain nouns.
In the style or manner of; appended to nouns, especially proper nouns, and forming adjectives.
Resembling; appended to nouns, especially proper nouns, and forming adjectives.