Chinese vs Putonghua

Chinese

name
  • The Standard Chinese language, written in Chinese characters and spoken and spelled using Standard Mandarin pronunciation. 

  • The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Minnan, and other closely related language varieties and dialects. 

  • The logographic writing system shared by most Sinitic languages. 

  • The Han Chinese, whether in China or overseas. 

  • The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China. 

noun
  • A person from China or of Chinese descent. 

  • Chinese cuisine. 

  • A meal consisting of Chinese cuisine. 

adj
  • Of, from, or related to China, particularly now the People's Republic of China. 

  • Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin. 

  • As exotic, unusual, backwards, or unorganized as someone or something from China. 

  • Of, from, or related to the people of China, particularly the Han Chinese and their culture whether in China or overseas. 

Putonghua

name
  • Standard Mandarin, the official language of the People's Republic of China; the state-designated national speech of the Han nationality using Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Beijing speech as the basic dialect, and the model writing of the modern vernacular prose as the norm for grammar. 

How often have the words Chinese and Putonghua occurred in a corpus of books? (source: Google Ngram Viewer )