To form such hardened tissue.
A shining area on the frons of many species of Tabanomorpha (horse flies and relatives).
The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistency, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.
The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.
A hardened area of the skin (especially on the foot or hand) caused by repeated friction, wear or use.
To scratch, etch, burn, or cut designs into one's skin as a form of body modification.
To harrow the feelings.
To remove thatch (build-up of organic matter on the soil) from a lawn, to dethatch.
To break up, loosen, or roughen the surface of a field or road or a hard surface.
To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination.
To make scratches or cuts on.