A formal exposition of a subject, especially a research paper that students write in order to complete the requirements for a doctoral degree in the US and a non-doctoral degree in the UK; a thesis.
A lengthy lecture on a subject; a treatise; a discourse; a sermon.
A book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced.
A single, original copy of a book, article, composition etc, written by hand or even printed, submitted as original for (copy-editing and) reproductive publication.
Handwritten, or by extension manually typewritten, as opposed to being mechanically reproduced.