To remove or take off (something such as clothing).
To get rid of, to throw off.
To remove or tip a hat, as in greeting, salutation or as a mark of respect.
To strip; to divest; to undress.
To remove all of one's clothes (or sometimes to remove all except underclothes, or figuratively).
To be removed by stripping
To remove anything by stripping, e.g. items of clothing or paint from the side of a ship.