A ruler over various Turkish, Tatar and Mongol peoples in the Middle Ages.
A noble or man of rank in various Muslim countries of Central Asia, including Afghanistan.
A caravanserai; a resting-place for a travelling caravan.
An Ottoman sultan.
A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others.
A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.
To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment).