To understand wrongly, taking one thing or person for another.
An error; a blunder.
A pitch which was intended to be pitched in a hard-to-hit location, but instead ends up in an easy-to-hit place.
That which is detected by the five senses; not necessarily understood (imagine looking through fog, trying to understand if you see a small dog or a cat); also that which is detected within consciousness as a thought, intuition, deduction, etc.
Vision (ability)
Conscious understanding of something.
The organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory information.
Acuity