A statement or promise which is strengthened (affirmed) by such a pledge.
A light, irreverent or insulting appeal to a deity or other entity.
A curse, a curse word.
A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise.
A vocal answer to an attack on one's assertions.
An act of refuting or disproving; the disproving of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory by argument or countervailing proof; evidence of falseness.