Following an adjective.
Following a passive verb.
Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
At, with, among
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
Near or next to.
Following a noun.
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
per; with or in proportion to each.
Indicates a referenced source: According to.
Invokes an authority in an oath.
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
Out of the way, off to one side.
Subsidiary, incidental.
Along a path which runs past the speaker.
Aside, away.
To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.
In the vicinity, near.
Within easy reach; easily achieved.