To exclude a person from a community or from society by not communicating with them or by refusing to acknowledge their presence; to refuse to associate with or talk to; to shun.
To ban a person from a city for five or ten years through the procedure of ostracism.
To employ by paying a retainer.
To hold back (a pupil) instead of allowing them to advance to the next class or year.
To keep in one's pay or service.
To keep in possession or use.
To hold secure.