A sterile stratum that lies above the stratum being investigated
The rock and subsoil that lies above a mineral deposit such as a coal seam.
To overload or overtax.
A group of common grackles.
A widespread affliction, calamity or destructive influx, especially when seen as divine retribution.
The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis.
An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.
A grave nuisance, whatever greatly irritates.
To harass, pester or annoy someone persistently or incessantly.
To afflict with a disease or other calamity.