penalty vs risk

penalty

noun
  • A disadvantageous consequence of a previous event. 

  • A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time. 

  • A legal sentence. 

  • A punishment for violating rules of procedure. 

  • A direct free kick from the penalty spot, taken after a defensive foul in the penalty box; a penalty kick. 

  • A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment. 

risk

noun
  • A possible adverse event or outcome. 

  • A borrower (such as a mortgage-holder or person with a credit card). 

  • An entity insured by an insurer. 

  • The potential negative effect of an event, determined by multiplying the likelihood of the event occurring with its magnitude should it occur. 

  • The magnitude of possible loss consequent to a decision or event. 

  • The probability of a negative outcome to a decision or event. 

  • A type of adverse event covered under an insurance policy. 

  • A financial product (typically an investment). 

  • A thing (from the perspective of how likely or unlikely it is to cause an adverse effect). 

verb
  • To incur risk as a result of (doing something). 

  • To incur risk of harming or jeopardizing. 

  • To incur risk of (something). 

How often have the words penalty and risk occurred in a corpus of books? (source: Google Ngram Viewer )