Something that perplexes.
The state or quality of being perplexed; puzzled or confused.
In information theory, a measurement of how well a probability distribution or model predicts a sample.
Something unexpected.
The feeling that something unexpected has happened.
To attack unexpectedly.
To take unawares.
To do something to (a person) that they are not expecting, as a surprise.
To cause (someone) to feel unusually alarmed or delighted by something unexpected.
To undergo or witness something unexpected.
To cause surprise.