The act or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction.
A penalty to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime.
Any harsh treatment or experience; rough handling.
A suffering by pain or loss imposed as retribution
A penalty, punishment, or some coercive measure, intended to ensure compliance; especially one adopted by several nations, or by an international body.
An approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid.
A law, treaty, or contract, or a clause within a law, treaty, or contract, specifying any of the above.
To penalize (a state etc.) with sanctions.
To ratify; to make valid.
To give official authorization or approval to; to countenance.