To affirm (something).
to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by non-acceptance or non-payment of (a bill or note). This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.
To object to.
To make a strong objection.
To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.
The noting by a notary public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill.
A written declaration, usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss or damage of ship or cargo, etc.
A formal objection, especially one by a group.
A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.
To ratify; to make valid.
To penalize (a state etc.) with sanctions.
To give official authorization or approval to; to countenance.
An approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid.
A penalty, punishment, or some coercive measure, intended to ensure compliance; especially one adopted by several nations, or by an international body.
A law, treaty, or contract, or a clause within a law, treaty, or contract, specifying any of the above.