To harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals.
To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification.
To produce rigidity akin to stone.
To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.
To immobilize with fright.
To become stony, callous, or obdurate.
To remove thatch (build-up of organic matter on the soil) from a lawn, to dethatch.
To harrow the feelings.
To break up, loosen, or roughen the surface of a field or road or a hard surface.
To scratch, etch, burn, or cut designs into one's skin as a form of body modification.
To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination.
To make scratches or cuts on.